Do Strict Gender Roles Promote Violence?
Sociologist Michael S. Kimmel discusses the role of ‘masculinity’ in violence. He finds that ‘in societies where masculine bravado - the posture of strength and the repression and denial of fear - was a defining feature of masculinity, violence was likely to be high. It turns out that those societies in which bravado is prescribed for men are also those in which the definitions of masculinity and femininity are very highly differentiated’ (Kimmel, 245). So, in cultures where gender roles are distinct, levels of violence by males towards females (and other males) are likely to be high. One of the most significant correlations with violence, then, is what we call gender polarization.
Does our culture polarize gender? Look at this short list of characteristics that are often applied to men and women. They are, in most cases, opposites.
Men: Protective, Strong, Leader, Initiative, Aggressive, Rational, Active
Women: Protected, Weak, Follower, Responsive, Passive, Emotional, At Rest
Instead of focusing on Christ-like attributes we should all have, we try and split this into ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ behavior. This takes us away from focusing on what is good and what we as brothers and sisters should all exemplify, and we move to trying to satisfy cultural norms.
The trajectory of biblical equality is not that we will all be the same, but that we will be free to encourage the unique gifting of each person. Androgyny is a much more likely outcome of polarizing gender roles, and placing a higher value on one role, as we currently do.
When we see humanity as polarized groups of ‘others,’ we place boundaries in the way of unity. Before we even meet someone we know it will be harder to relate to them because they are of the ‘opposite’ sex. And, we know that the less like ourselves we view someone (and the more ‘other’ they are) the easier it is for us to treat them as if they are not human at all.